How do filmmakers create special effects that look real?

A spaceship explodes. A dragon roars. A building topples in slow motion, and somehow you believe every second of it — even though none of it actually happened. So how do filmmakers fool your eyes so completely? The secret isn't one big trick. It's a whole toolbox of clever cheats, stacked on top of each other.
Start with the oldest trick of all: building things for real, just smaller. A "miniature" is a tiny model — a city, a ship, a mountain — filmed up close so it fills the screen. The camera can't tell the difference between a real skyscraper and a beautifully painted one the size of a fridge. Add a little smoke and the right lighting, and your brain happily fills in the rest.
