How do roads get built?

You know that smooth black road outside your window? The one that wasn't there in old photos of your neighborhood? Someone built it — and building a road is way more interesting than just pouring some tar and calling it a day.
First, engineers walk the land with lasers and computers, figuring out where the road should go. They're looking for the flattest, straightest path that dodges big problems — swamps that would swallow the pavement, hills that would need blasting, someone's house. Sometimes the perfect route on paper cuts through a protected forest or a historic site, so they adjust. It's like drawing a line on a map, except the map fights back.
