How do scientists sort and classify all living things into groups?

Imagine the messiest closet in the universe. Beetles next to whales next to mushrooms next to oak trees, all jumbled together. That's life on Earth — millions of kinds of living things, and not a single shelf in sight. So scientists rolled up their sleeves and asked a wonderfully tidy question: how do we sort ALL of this?
The trick is to sort by family, not by looks. A whale isn't a fish, even though it swims like one. And a bat isn't a bird, even with wings. To group living things properly, scientists ask the deeper question: who is related to whom? It's less like sorting socks by color and more like building a giant family tree.
