What does it mean to be a citizen, and how does someone become one?

Imagine a giant club — a country — with millions of members. Some people just visit. Some people stay for a while. But a few belong all the way: they're members for keeps. We call those members citizens. Being a citizen means a place officially counts you as one of its own, with a special set of rights and responsibilities that come with the membership card.
So what's actually in this membership? Rights are the things your country promises to you. Depending on the country, that can mean voting, getting a passport, speaking your mind, and being protected by the same laws as everyone else. Citizenship isn't a feeling — it's a real legal status, written down in records, that ties a person and a country together.
