What makes Earth suitable for life?

Most planets are terrible places to live. Venus is a furnace. Mars is a frozen desert. Jupiter would crush you into a pancake. But Earth? Earth is the Goldilocks planet — not too hot, not too cold, not too big, not too small. Everything here is just right for living things. But what actually makes it work?
Start with distance. Earth sits about 93 million miles from the Sun — what scientists call the "habitable zone." Close enough that water stays liquid instead of freezing solid. Far enough that the oceans don't boil away into steam. Liquid water is the secret ingredient for life. Every living thing we know needs it.
