Who was Rosalind Franklin, and why didn't she get the Nobel Prize for DNA?

Imagine a tiny twisted ladder, coiled up inside every living cell, holding the secret recipe for you. That ladder is DNA. And one of the people who first SAW its shape was a sharp, careful scientist named Rosalind Franklin. Her story is part triumph, part mystery, and a little bit unfair.
Rosalind Franklin was a British scientist, born in London in 1920. She loved facts you could measure and prove. Her specialty was a method called X-ray crystallography — a fancy name for a clever trick. You bounce X-rays off something and read the shadowy pattern they leave behind, like guessing a shape from the shadow it throws on a wall.
