Why does paper turn yellow over time?

You pull an old book off the shelf, and the pages have turned the color of butter. Or maybe you find a newspaper from your grandparents' attic, now more brown than white. What happened? The paper didn't go bad like milk in the fridge — it went through a slower, sneakier change.
Paper is made from trees, and trees are held together by a molecule called lignin. Think of lignin as the glue that keeps wood stiff and strong — it's what makes a tree trunk stand tall instead of flopping over like a wet noodle. When paper is made, most of the lignin gets washed away, but some always stays behind, hiding between the fibers.
